Cappadocia

Why is it famous?

It is famous for its unusual cone-shaped rock towers, nicknamed "fairy chimneys."

Every morning, colorful hot air balloons fill the sky above the valley, giving visitors a magical view.

How was it formed?

Ancient volcanic eruptions covered the region in soft volcanic rock called tuff.

Over millions of years, wind and water slowly eroded the rock into today's cone shapes and hollowed-out valleys.

Amazing facts

Long ago, people carved entire underground cities into the soft rock to hide safely from danger.

Some underground cities have clever defenses, including giant round stones that could be rolled to block doorways.

Quick facts

• Long ago, people carved entire underground cities into the soft rock to hide safely from danger.
• Some underground cities have clever defenses, including giant round stones that could be rolled to block doorways.
• People also carved whole houses, churches, and even hotels directly into the rock towers.
• The region has been continuously lived in for thousands of years.